CFI Instrument Practical Test Standards, FAA-S-8081-9B, June 2001

VIII. Instrument Approach Procedures

E. Landing from a Straight-In Approach

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to landing from a straight-in approach by describing
   a. Effect of specific environmental, operational and meteorological factors
   1) Environmental factors
   a) Runway dimensions
   
   After reaching MAP determined by timing, may safely land on long runway beyond threshold, but circle or fly missed approach if shorter runway
   b) Runway condition
   2) Operational factors
   a) Increased minimums with inoperative approach components
   b) Aircraft capabilities - need distance/time to slow +/- add flaps before normal landing
   3) Meteorological factors
   a) Visibility
   i) Only pilot can determine if flight visiblity meets the landing requirement noted on the IAP chart
   ii) Flight visibility below minimums => go-around, fly missed approach
   b) Wind condition
   Normal crosswind landing technic
   b. Transition to, and maintenance of, a visual flight condition
   1) Approaching DA/DH, MAP or VDP, carefully divide attention between instrument and visual references on transition to visual for landing
   2) Expect need to go right back to instruments for missed approach if runway visual reference lost
   3) On ILS, stay on glide slope and localizer to over runway
   4) On pitch changes, flap extensions, avoid inadvertent climb back into IMC (necessitating missed approach)
   c. Adherence to ATC advisories, such as NOTAMs, wind shear, wake turbulence, runway surface and braking conditions
   1) NOTAMs for inoperative approach components may require higher minimums
   2) Wind shear
   a) Aviodance best policy
   b) Avoid approach near thunderstorm
   c) Possible wind shear (pirep, ATC), consider:
   i) More power, faster airspeed (+½ gust)
   ii) Stay higher longer
   iii) Mentally prepare for go-around, missed approach
   3) Wake turbulence
   a) Stay 4 miles behind large, 5 miles behind heavy airplanes
   b) May "request additional separation" from ATC
   4) Braking conditions
   a) May request runway braking report from ATC
   b) If "nil", don't land, request proceed to alternate airport
   c) May land if braking action fair or poor if
   i) Relatively longer runway
   ii) Touchdown on runway close to threshold
   iii) Minimum practicable airspeed
   iv) Controlled landing with longitudinal axis over runway centerline
   v) Aerodynamic braking
   d. Completion of appropriate checklist items
   1) Complete before landing checklist by FAF
   2) Re-check on final approach course
   3) Complete after landing checklist clear of runway
   e. Maintenance of positive aircraft control
   First fly your airplane
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to landing from a straight-in approach by describing
   a. Inappropriate division of attention during the transition from instrument to visual conditions
   1) Carefully divide attention between instrument and visual references on transition to visual for landing
   2) Expect need to go right back to instruments for missed approach if runway visual reference lost
   3) Stay on glide slope and localizer to over runway
   b. Failure to complete required checklist items
   1) Complete before landing checklist at FAF
   2) Re-check on final approach course
   3) Complete after landing checklist clear of runway
   c. Failure to properly plan and complete the turn to final approach
   Especially circling approach
   • Remain within protected area and
   • Allow enough distance for normal descent and landing
   d. Improper technic for wind shear, wake turbulence and crosswind
   1) Wind shear
   a) Avoid
   b) More power, airspeed
   2) Wake turbulence - separation
   3) Normal crosswind technic
   e. Failure to maintain positive aircraft control throughout the complete landing maneuver
   First fly your airplane
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a landing from a straight-in approach from an instructional standpoint
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to landing from a straight-in approach

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