CFI Instrument Practical Test Standards, FAA-S-8081-9B, June 2001

VI. Flight by Reference to Instruments

F. Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of timed turns to magnetic compass headings by describing
   a. Operating characteristics and errors of the magnetic compass
   
   1) Turns from north, compass moves opposite, lags (NOSE)
   2) Turns from south, compass exaggerates, leads (NOSE)
   3) Turns from east or west, compass starts correct
   4) Accelerate/decelerate east or west, compass indicates north/south (ANDS)
   5) Heading north or south, no compass errors during dive, climb or speed change
   b. Calibration of the miniature aircraft of the turn coordinator, both right and left, using full panel and the clock
   1) Establish and maintain coordinated level turn (TC primary for bank in turn)
   2) Start digital timer at a cardinal heading (HI) or note heading (HI) when second hand of clock passes cardinal point on clock
   3) Note heading changes (HI) at 10 second intervals
   4) If heading change more or less than 30° in 10 seconds, adjust bank (TC) until heading change is 30° per 10 seconds
   5) Note and use this calibrated deflection of TC airplane wing for standard rate turn in that direction
   6) Repeat for turn in opposite direction
   c. Procedures using full panel and partial panel performing compass turns to a specified heading
   1) Full panel
   a) Digital timer or clock used instead of HI to determine when to roll out of turn
   b) Calculate duration of turn (degrees/3 = seconds to turn for standard rate turn or degrees/1.5 for half-standard)
   c) Start digital timer (or note second hand of clock on cardinal point)
   d) Roll into coordinated standard rate turn (or ½ standard rate for small heading changes)
   e) Primary for pitch/bank/power are ALT/TC/ASI
   f) Begin roll out when calculated time has elapsed
   g) Roll-out same rate as roll-in
   h) Check HI for accuracy of turn
   2) Partial panel (AI, HI inop)
   a) Same as full panel, but unable HI check
   b) Establish stabilized SLF on roll out (ALT/TC/ASI primary)
   c) Cross check MC
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to timed turns to magnetic compass headings by describing
   a. Incorrect calibration procedures
   1) Coordinated level turn
   2) Both directions
   b. Improper timing
   1) Start time
   2) Roll in
   3) Note time elapsed
   4) Roll out same rate as roll in
   c. Uncoordinated use of controls
   Centered ball
   d. Improper trim control
   Trim to relieve control pressures
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains timed turns to magnetic compass headings from an instructional standpoint
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to timed turns to magnetic compass headings

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