CFI Instrument Practical Test Standards, FAA-S-8081-9B, June 2001

VI. Flight by Reference to Instruments

C. Change of Airspeed in Straight-and-Level and Turning Flight

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of teaching change of airspeed in straight-and-level flight and turns by describing
   a. Procedure using full panel and partial panel for maintaining altitude and changing airspeed in straight-and-level and turning flight
   Full panel
   Airspeed change in SLF
   • Use known power settings (MP, RPM) for desired airspeeds and gear/flap configurations
   • As power is changed MP(RPM) is primary power instrument
   • Change to known power setting
   • If more rapid speed change needed, use underpower or overpower: change MP(RPM) more than required and readjust as desired airspeed is reached
   • Maintain SLF as airspeed changes
     • Airspeed decrease: pitch increase, trim
     • Airspeed increase: pitch decrease, trim
   • Maintain centered ball
     • Airspeed decrease: less right (more left) rudder, trim
     • Airspeed increase: more right (less left) rudder, trim
   • As desired airspeed reached, ASI primary for power
   
   

   Airspeed change in SLF - Full panel
   	Pitch	Bank	Power
   Primary	ALT	HI	MP(RPM) -> ASI
   Secondary	AI, VSI	AI, TC	ASI -> MP(RPM)

   
   Airspeed change in turn
   • Requires rapid cross check and interpretation plus smooth control
   • Pitch and power: same as in airspeed change in SLF
   • Bank angle must be varied in direct proportion to airspeed change to maintain constant rate of turn
     • Airspeed decrease: decrease bank, increase ptich, trim
     • Airspeed increase: increase bank, decrease ptich, trim
   • Easier to change airspeed after turn is established
   
   

   Airspeed change in turn - Full panel
   	Pitch	Bank	Power
   Primary	ALT	TC	MP(RPM) -> ASI
   Secondary	AI, VSI	AI	ASI -> MP(RPM)

   
   
   Partial panel (AI and HI inoperative)
   Airspeed change in SLF - partial panel
   • TC and MC only bank instruments
   • MC acceleration errors, especially east or west headings (ANDS)
   • Rely on TC until MC stabilizes on desired heading
   
   

   Airspeed change in SLF - Partial panel
   	Pitch	Bank	Power
   Primary	ALT	TC -> MC	MP(RPM) -> ASI
   Secondary	VSI	TC	ASI -> MP(RPM)

   
   Airspeed change in turn - partial panel
   • TC and MC only bank instruments
   • Recommend: two steps easier:
     1. Turn to desired heading
     2. Change to desired airspeed
   
   

   Airspeed change in turn - Partial panel
   	Pitch	Bank	Power
   Primary	ALT	TC	MP(RPM) -> ASI
   Secondary	VSI	MC	ASI -> MP(RPM)

   
   
   b. Coordination of controls and trim technic
   • Centered ball
   • Trim to relieve control pressures
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to changes of airspeed in straight-and-level and turning flight by describing
   a. Slow or improper cross-check during straight-and-level flight and turns
   • Increase rate of cross check during speed changes
   • Anticipate need to adjust pitch and bank and trim
   b. Improper power control
   • MP(RPM) primary for power during airspeed change until desired airspeed approached, then ASI primary for power
   • Use known power settings for specific airspeeds and gear/flap configurations
   c. Failure to make smooth, precise corrections as required
   • Aim for precision: heading +/- 2°, airspeed +/- 2 knots, altitude +/- 20 feet
   • Beware overcontrolling
   • Use two step corrections
     1. Just enough control pressure to stop needle movement
     2. A bit more to start smooth correction
   d. Uncoordinated use of controls
   • Centered ball
   e. Improper trim technic
   • Trim to relieve control pressures
   • Small, frequent adjustments
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains changes of airspeed in straight-and-level and turning flight from an instructional standpoint
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to changes of airspeed in straight-and-level and turning flight

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