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CFI Instrument Practical Test Standards, FAA-S-8081-9B, June 2001

II. Technical Subject Areas

A. Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment

    2. Flight instrument systems and their operating characteristics

      f. Global Positioning System (GPS): Garmin GNS 530

      Course from fix | DME Arc | Flight Plans | Holding | ILS | Missed Approach | Procedure Turn | RAIM Prediction | Select Approach | Vectors-To-Final | Weather (GDL 49 )

      Flight Plans

      Create, edit, copy up to 20 flight plans each with up to 31 WPs.
      To creat new flight plan:
      1. Press FPL, display Flight Plan (FP) Catalog (rotate small right knob)
      2. Press MENU to display options
      3. Highlight "Create New Flight Plan?" (rotate large right knob) and press ENT to bring up blank FP page
      4. Enter departure WP identifier, press ENT
      5. Enter each additional FP WP
      6. All WPs entered, press return to FP Catalog (press small right knob)
      To edit FP:
      1. FPL to display FP Catalog
      2. Select desired FP. ENT
      3. Select WP before which new WP is to be added
      4. Enter indentifier to new WP. ENT
      To delete WP:
      1. Select WP to be deleted. CLR. ENT
      To activate FP:
      1. Select desired FP from catalog
      2. MENU
      3. Select "Activate FP". ENT

      Course from fix FP legs

      Certain approach, departure (DP) and arrival (STAR) procedures contain course from fix FP legs. GNS 530 can load these legs into FP and provide navigation along them.
      Three types of course from fix legs:

      TYPE 1: Course from fix to distance, or Course from fix to DME distance
      Leg appears in FP like normal WP but destination always begins with "D" followed by distance in tenths of NM from WP fix. "Course from fix to distance" leg will appear on the Active FP and Default NAV pages.

      TYPE 2: Course from fix to altitude
      Course from fix to altitude legs show target altitude on Active FP and Default NAV pages. "SUSP" normally appears above OBS key indicating suspension of automatic sequencing. Upon reaching desired target altitude, press OBS to resume automatic leg sequencing.

      TYPE 3: Course from fix to manual sequence
      Leg appears on Active FP and Map pages with "man seq" in place of WP identifier. "SUSP" appears above OBS on the "course from fix to manual sequence" leg. Once cleared to sequence to next leg, press OBS to resume sequencing.

      Flying IAPs

      Selecting an approach

      1. Select destination airport using
        • direct-to key, or
        • as last WP in active FP
      2. Choose "Select Approach?" option from
        • Procedures Page (press PROC), or
        • Active Flight Plan Options (press MENU)
      3. Select transition or "Vectors" (to final) from transition window (rotate large right knob, ENT)
      4. "Load" the approach (often while enroute) in anticipation of future use. Places approach in active FP
      5. "Activate" the full approach or vectors-to-final, as appropriate. Sometimes it's more convenient to skip the load step and just activate the approach
      6. Precision and some non-precision approaches: reminder window that GPS guidance only for monitoring - use VLOC and external CDI (or HSI) for primary navigation. Highlight "Yes?" and press ENT
      7. Activating approach initiates automatic CDI scaling transition ("ramp down") as the approach progresses

      Approach with a procedure turn (PT)

      1. Within 30 NM of destination airport, GNS 530 switches from "enroute" to "terminal" mode (indicated in lower left corner of screen) with gradual CDI scale transition ("ramp down") from 5.0 to 1.0 NM, full scale deflection
      2. Review approach sequence several mile out. Display Active FP Page (press FPL). Press small right knob, rotate large right knob to review each segment. Return to previous page (press FPL)
      3. At IAF, dial outbound course and turn (standard rate) to course heading
      4. Fly outbound course, CDI needle centered
      5. Approximately one minute past FAF, alert "START PROC TURN" appears lower right corner of screen
      6. To to outbound procedure turn heading. No guidance through procedure turn is given. Procedure turn is displayed on map page and indicated as active leg on default NAV and active FP pages
      7. After approximately one minute, t urn 180° to intercept the procedure turn inbound course. GNS 530 will sequence to the inbound leg to the FAF
      8. As CDI needle starts to center, turn to final approach course
      9. Within 2 NM of FAF, GNS 530 switches from terminal to "approach" mode with CDI scaling tightening from 1.0 to 0.3 NM, full scale deflection
      10. At FAF, make course adjustments necessary for the final course segment (FAF to MAP)
      11. Crossing FAF, destination sequences to MAP (runway threshold)
      12. Observe altitude minimums dictated by approach plate
      13. Crossing MAP, "SUSP" appears above OBS key, indicating that automatic sequencing of WPs will be suspended at MAP
      14. If missed approach required, us OBS key to initiate the missed approach sequence

      Approach with a hold

      1. Press PROC, select desired approach
      2. Select transition from transition window
      3. Select "Activate" to load and activate approach
      4. Preview approach sequence on Active Flight Plan page (press small right knob, rotate large right knob)
      5. Press FPL to return to navigation pages
      6. Just prior to crossing holding fix, alert will appear in low right hand corner of screen recommending "HOLD DIRECT", "HOLD PARALLEL", or "HOLD TEARDROP"
      7. Default NAV page will display a timer during the hold. Use timer to time outbound portion of hold.
      8. When crossing the holding fix, "SUSP" appears above the OBS key indicating temporary suspension of sequencing. As aircraft turns inbound "SUSP" will be canceled and automatic sequencing resumed.
      9. If another turn in hold is desired, press OBS to manually suspend sequencing BEFORE crossing holding WP
      10. If holding WP passed and another turn in hold desired, go to Active Flight Plan page, select holding WP (press small right knob, rotate large right knob), press Direct To twice, press ENT

      DME arc approach

      GPS overlay for DME arc approach uses additional (Jeppesen-provided) WPs to define the arc. These begin with "D", followed by three numbers indicating the radial the WP is on, and end with letter indicating the radius of the arc (e.g. "G", the seventh alphabetical letter, indicates a 7 mile DME arc)
      When cleared for DME arc approach, either follow a specified radial inbound to arc or follow ATC vectors to intercept the arc at any point.
      1. Select destination airport using direct-to key or as last WP in a FP
      2. Press PROC and select the DME arc approach
      3. From the transitions window, select the IAF; and select "Load?" or, if already cleared for the approach, "Activate?"
      4. Within 30 NM of destination, GNS 530 switches from enroute to terminial mode (1.0 NM full scale deflection)
      5. Activate approach before or when cleared for approach
      6. Note turn advisory ("TURN TO ...°") as IAF is approached
      7. Follow arc, keeping CDI needle centered. If using autopilot, course select on CDI (or HSI) must be periodically updated with the desired track (DTK) to ensure proper tracking. Whenever course select setting and DTK differ by more than 10°, "Set course to ...°" message appears on Message Page
      8. As next, intermediate, fix is approached, a WP alert and then a turn advisory message appears. Set appropriate course on CDI (HSI), and initiate appropriate standard rate turn
      9. At 2.0 NM from FAF, GNS 530 switches from terminal to approach mode (0.3 NM full scale deflection)
      10. Approaching FAF make any necessary adjustment for final course segment
      11. Crossing FAF, destination sequences to MAP (runway threshold)
      12. Fly toward MAP, CDI centered, observing altitudes dictated by approach plate
      13. Crossing MAP, "SUSP" appears above OBS key indicating suspension of automatic WP sequencing
      14. If missed approach required, use OBS key to initiate missed approach sequence

      Vectors-to-final approach

      1. Select "vectors-to-final"
        • When approach first selected, choose "VECTORS" from transition window, or
        • When cleared, press PROC and select "Activate Vectors-To-Final?", or
        • From Active FP Page, press direct-to key twice to select the desired approach leg
      2. CDI needle will remain off center until aircraft established on final approach course
      3. Map page displays magenta extension of final approach course as the active leg, and VTF appears as part of the active leg on the Default NAV Page
      4. Follow ATC vectors
      5. As aircraft converges with final approach course, make any necessary course corrections to establish aircraft on final approach course and center CDI needle
      6. At 2.0 NM from FAF, GNS 530 switches from terminal to approach mode (0.3 NM full scale deflection)
      7. Approaching FAF make any course adjustments necessary for final course segment (FAF to MAP)
      8. Crossing FAF, destination sequences to MAP (runway threshold)
      9. Fly to MAP, CDI centered, observing altitude minimums dictated by approach plate
      10. Crossing MAP, "SUSP" above OBS key indicates suspension of WP sequencing
      11. If missed approach required, use OBS key to initiate missed approach sequence and follow published missed approach procedures

      ILS approach

      Precision approaches can be flown with GNS 530 built-in VLOC (VOR/localizer/glideslope) receiver. From FAF, proper VLOC frequency must be selected and CDI output set to "VLOC". When ILS approach activated and correct ILS frequency active in VLOC window, GNS 530 will automatically (and gradually) switch from GPS to VLOC within 1.2 NM left or right of final approach course, and anywhere from 2.0 to 15.0 NM from FAF. Inside 2.0 NM from FAF, GNS 530 will not switch automatically. Press CDI key to manually switch from GPS to VLOC.

      Full ILS

      1. Select ILS approach
      2. "Load?" or "Activate?" ILS approach (automatically places ILS frequency in the standby field of the VLOC window)
      3. Press VLOC flip-flop key to move ILS frequency from standby to active field
      4. 30 NM from airport, GNS 530 switches from enroute to terminal mode (1.0 NM full scale deflection)
      5. Check approach activated when cleared for approach
      6. Approaching IAF, check ILS frequency active
      7. Crossing IAF, turn to outbound heading, fly outbound, keeping CDI (HSI) needle centered
      8. After approximately one minute, initiate procedure turn
      9. After one minute, turn 180° to intercept the ILS. CDI coupling will automatically switch from GPS to VLOC receiver as inbound turn completed (or else press CDI to switch manually to VLOC receiver)
      10. Track ILS approach course
      11. Approaching FAF, 0.3 NM appears lower left indicating CDI scale transition (applies only to Default NAV Page on-screen CDI; external CDI is coupled to VLOC receiver)
      12. Crossing FAF, fly, CDI (and GS) needle(s) centered, toward destination MAP (runway threshold), observing altitude minimums dictated by approach plate (e.g., Decision Altitude, DA, on the glide slope)
      13. Crossing MAP, "SUSP" appears above OBS indicating suspension of sequencing
      14. If missed approach required, follow published missed approach procedures, press OBS to initiate missed approach sequence and press CDI to switch external CDI output to GPS receiver

      Missed approach

      1. After passing MAP, press OBS key. Missed approach holding point (MAHP) is automatically offered as the destination WP
      2. Follow missed approach procedures as published on approach plate for proper climb and heading instructions. GNS 530 will provide guidance to the holding pattern
      3. Alert message will recommend hold entry procedure ("HOLD DIRECT", "HOLD PARALLEL" or "HOLD TEARDROP")
      4. Timer appears on Default NAV page, automatically resets on the outbound side when aircraft is abeam the hold WP and resets again as aircraft turns inbound within approximately 30° of inbound course
      5. GNS 530 provides course guidance only on the inbound side of holding pattern
      6. Leaving holding pattern, press PROC to "Select Approach?" or "Activate Approach?" or use the direct-to key to select another destination

      RAIM Prediction

      1. Select "RAIM Prediciton" from Utility Page (2nd AUX Page)
      2. Use small and large right knobs to enter WP. ENT. (or, to get RAIM availibility at present position: CLR. ENT)
      3. Use right knobs to enter date. ENT
      4. Use right knobs to enter time. ENT
      5. ENT
      6. GNS 530 displays in RAIM status field:
        • RAIM Not Available, or
        • RAIM Available (within +/- 15 minutes of specified date and time)

      Garmin GDL 49 Weather Data Link

        Requesting NEXRAD data

        • From Data Link Page (4th AUX page)
          1. CRSR, ENT to display NEXRAD REQUEST Page
          2. Select reference point in Center field (Current Position, Look Ahead, From ID or From Active Flight Plan WP)
          3. Select radius (25-250 NM)
          4. Position of reference point shown in Position field
          5. Select Auto Request time intervel if desired (first request willb e sent after specified time interval), or
          6. Select Manual Send for current single request
          7. ENT, CRSR to return to Data Link page
        • From Map Page
          1. MENU, Request NEXRAD, ENT to display NEXRAD Request Page
          2. Change fields and/or enter radius if desired
          3. Manual Send, ENT, CRSR to return to Map Page

        Requesting Graphical METAR

        • From Data Link Page
          1. CRSR, Metar Request, ENT to open METAR REQUEST page
          2. Enter data into desired fields
          3. Auto Request or Manual Send, CRSR
        • From Map Page
          1. MENU, Request METAR, ENT
          2. Enter data into fields
          3. Manual Sent, ENT
          4. Display data on NAV Weather Page (CRSR< select 'METAR', CRSR)
          5. Display airport data on Map Page (highlight desired airport with Map Cursor)

        Display Weather Legend Page

        1. Select Weather Page
        2. With small right knob select METAR, WINDS or TEMP/DP in upper left of screen
        3. MENU to display Weather Page menu
        4. With small right knob highlight Display Legend, ENT, scroll with small right knob
        5. CRSR to return to Weather Page

        Display Textual METAR on METARS Text Page

        1. Select Data Link Page
        2. Select Textual Metar
        3. ENT
        4. Small right knob to select identifier, ENT
        5. To request update: MENU, select Request METAR

        Display Temperature/Dewpoint on NAV Weather Page

        1. CRSR
        2. Small right knob to select TEMP/DP
        3. CRSR

        Display Wind data on NAV Weather Page

        1. CRSR
        2. Small right knob to select 'WINDS'
        3. CRSR

References:
Greg Gordon MD, CFII
Updated: