The Difficult Airway - 2
Grades of Difficult Mask Ventilation
(Kheterpal et al, 2006)
- Grade 1 (77.4% incidence in 22,660 cases)
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Ventilated by mask
- Grade 2 (21.1%)
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Ventilated by mask with oral airway/adjuvant with or without muscle relaxant
- Grade 3 (1.4%)
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Difficult ventilation (inadequate, unstable, or requiring two providers) with or without muscle relaxants
- Grade 4 (0.16%)
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Unable to mask ventilate with or without muscle relaxant
Grades of Difficult Laryngoscopy:
(Cormack and Lehane)
Grade I: most of glottis is seen Grade II: only posterior portion of glottis can be seen (May not be ASA Task Force "difficult" if some part of the vocal cords are seen.)
Grade III: only epiglottis may be seen (none of glottis seen)(ASA Task Force "difficult.")
Grade IV: neither epiglottis nor glottis can be seen (ASA Task Force "difficult.")